Risk Factors For Hypertension In Women Of Reproductive Age (15-49 Years) In The Working Area Of the Medan City Kedai City Health Center
Risk Factors for Hypertension in Reproductive Age Women at the Medan City Kedai Puskesmas
Introduction
Hypertension is one of the most significant global health problems, causing millions of deaths worldwide each year. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), complications due to hypertension resulted in approximately 9.4 million deaths in 2013. In the United States, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in 2010 reported that there were 66.9 million people with hypertension. In Indonesia, the Basic Health Research in 2013 recorded a prevalence of hypertension reaching 25.8%. In the North Sumatra region, this prevalence is slightly lower, at 24.7%, but Medan City records a higher figure, reaching 28.1%. At the Medan City Kedai Puskesmas, in 2016, there were 158 hypertension sufferers, which covered 17.4% of the population. This study aims to identify the risk factors for hypertension in women of reproductive age between 15 to 49 years in the working area of Kedai Durian Health Center.
Background
Hypertension is a major public health concern worldwide, and its prevalence is increasing in many countries, including Indonesia. In the North Sumatra region, the prevalence of hypertension is slightly lower than the national average, but Medan City records a higher figure. The high prevalence of hypertension in Medan City is a concern, as it can lead to various complications, including cardiovascular disease, stroke, and kidney disease. Identifying the risk factors for hypertension in women of reproductive age is essential to develop effective prevention and control strategies.
Methodology
This research was conducted with an observational analytic design using the control case method. In this study, the case consisted of 50 respondents who were hypertensive sufferers, while the control group also consisted of 50 respondents who did not suffer from hypertension, with a ratio of 1: 1. The data obtained was then analyzed univariate and tested by bivariate test using simple logistics regression. For multivariate analysis, multiple logistics regression is used.
Results
The results showed that there were several factors that had a significant effect on the incidence of hypertension in women of reproductive age. Family history has an odds ratio (OR) of 9,333 (95% confidence interval (IK): 3,720-23,415) with P-value <0,0001, which shows that women with family history of hypertension have a higher risk to experience hypertension. In addition, obesity is also an important risk factor with OR 4,571 (95% IK: 1,963-10,646) and P-Value <0,0001. Low physical activity has been proven to increase the risk of hypertension with OR 3,467 (95% IK: 1,521-7.905) and P-value 0.003, and high fat consumption with OR 4,148 (95% IK: 1,798-9,573) and P-Value 0.001.
Discussion
The findings of this study suggest that family history, obesity, low physical activity, and high fat consumption are significant risk factors for hypertension in women of reproductive age. These findings are consistent with previous studies that have reported similar risk factors for hypertension. The high prevalence of hypertension in Medan City is a concern, and identifying the risk factors for hypertension is essential to develop effective prevention and control strategies.
Conclusion
Based on these findings, it is highly recommended for the community, especially women of reproductive age, to do regular blood pressure checks. The application of eating patterns and healthy lifestyles, including regular exercise and consumption of high fiber foods, is the key to controlling weight and maintaining heart health. With proper attention and precautions, the risk of hypertension can be minimized, improve the quality of life and long-term health.
Recommendations
- Regular Blood Pressure Checks: Regular blood pressure checks are essential to detect hypertension early and prevent its complications.
- Healthy Eating Patterns: Eating patterns that are high in fiber and low in fat can help control weight and maintain heart health.
- Regular Exercise: Regular exercise can help reduce the risk of hypertension and improve overall health.
- Weight Management: Maintaining a healthy weight through a combination of diet and exercise can help reduce the risk of hypertension.
- Family History: Women with a family history of hypertension should be aware of their risk and take steps to prevent hypertension.
Limitations
This study has several limitations. The sample size was relatively small, and the study was conducted in a specific population. The findings of this study may not be generalizable to other populations. Additionally, the study did not control for other potential risk factors for hypertension, such as smoking and alcohol consumption.
Future Research Directions
Future research should aim to identify other risk factors for hypertension in women of reproductive age and to develop effective prevention and control strategies. Additionally, studies should be conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions aimed at reducing the risk of hypertension in women of reproductive age.
References
- World Health Organization. (2013). Global Status Report on Noncommunicable Diseases 2014.
- National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. (2010). Hypertension Prevalence and Control in the United States.
- Basic Health Research. (2013). Prevalence of Hypertension in Indonesia.
- Medan City Kedai Puskesmas. (2016). Hypertension Prevalence in Medan City.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about Risk Factors for Hypertension in Reproductive Age Women at the Medan City Kedai Puskesmas
Q: What is hypertension, and why is it a concern?
A: Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a condition where the blood pressure in the arteries is consistently too high. It is a concern because it can lead to various complications, including cardiovascular disease, stroke, and kidney disease.
Q: What are the risk factors for hypertension in women of reproductive age?
A: The risk factors for hypertension in women of reproductive age include family history, obesity, low physical activity, and high fat consumption.
Q: What is the significance of family history in the development of hypertension?
A: Family history is a significant risk factor for hypertension. Women with a family history of hypertension are more likely to develop hypertension themselves.
Q: What is the role of obesity in the development of hypertension?
A: Obesity is a significant risk factor for hypertension. Women who are overweight or obese are more likely to develop hypertension.
Q: How can regular exercise help reduce the risk of hypertension?
A: Regular exercise can help reduce the risk of hypertension by improving cardiovascular health and reducing blood pressure.
Q: What is the importance of healthy eating patterns in reducing the risk of hypertension?
A: Healthy eating patterns that are high in fiber and low in fat can help reduce the risk of hypertension by controlling weight and maintaining heart health.
Q: Can hypertension be prevented?
A: Yes, hypertension can be prevented by adopting healthy lifestyle habits, including regular exercise, healthy eating patterns, and maintaining a healthy weight.
Q: What are the complications of hypertension?
A: The complications of hypertension include cardiovascular disease, stroke, and kidney disease.
Q: How can women of reproductive age reduce their risk of hypertension?
A: Women of reproductive age can reduce their risk of hypertension by adopting healthy lifestyle habits, including regular exercise, healthy eating patterns, and maintaining a healthy weight.
Q: What is the role of regular blood pressure checks in detecting hypertension?
A: Regular blood pressure checks are essential in detecting hypertension early and preventing its complications.
Q: Can hypertension be treated?
A: Yes, hypertension can be treated with medication and lifestyle changes.
Q: What are the long-term effects of hypertension?
A: The long-term effects of hypertension include cardiovascular disease, stroke, and kidney disease.
Q: Can hypertension be prevented in women with a family history of hypertension?
A: Yes, hypertension can be prevented in women with a family history of hypertension by adopting healthy lifestyle habits and regular blood pressure checks.
Q: What are the benefits of healthy lifestyle habits in reducing the risk of hypertension?
A: The benefits of healthy lifestyle habits in reducing the risk of hypertension include improved cardiovascular health, reduced blood pressure, and improved overall health.
Q: Can hypertension be prevented in women who are overweight or obese?
A: Yes, hypertension can be prevented in women who are overweight or obese by adopting healthy lifestyle habits, including regular exercise and healthy eating patterns.
Q: What are the risks of hypertension in women of reproductive age?
A: The risks of hypertension in women of reproductive age include cardiovascular disease, stroke, and kidney disease.
Q: Can hypertension be treated in women of reproductive age?
A: Yes, hypertension can be treated in women of reproductive age with medication and lifestyle changes.
Q: What are the long-term effects of hypertension in women of reproductive age?
A: The long-term effects of hypertension in women of reproductive age include cardiovascular disease, stroke, and kidney disease.
Q: Can hypertension be prevented in women with a history of hypertension?
A: Yes, hypertension can be prevented in women with a history of hypertension by adopting healthy lifestyle habits and regular blood pressure checks.
Q: What are the benefits of regular blood pressure checks in detecting hypertension?
A: The benefits of regular blood pressure checks in detecting hypertension include early detection and prevention of hypertension complications.
Q: Can hypertension be prevented in women who are physically inactive?
A: Yes, hypertension can be prevented in women who are physically inactive by adopting regular exercise habits.
Q: What are the risks of hypertension in women who are physically inactive?
A: The risks of hypertension in women who are physically inactive include cardiovascular disease, stroke, and kidney disease.
Q: Can hypertension be treated in women who are physically inactive?
A: Yes, hypertension can be treated in women who are physically inactive with medication and lifestyle changes.
Q: What are the long-term effects of hypertension in women who are physically inactive?
A: The long-term effects of hypertension in women who are physically inactive include cardiovascular disease, stroke, and kidney disease.
Q: Can hypertension be prevented in women who consume a high-fat diet?
A: Yes, hypertension can be prevented in women who consume a high-fat diet by adopting healthy eating patterns.
Q: What are the risks of hypertension in women who consume a high-fat diet?
A: The risks of hypertension in women who consume a high-fat diet include cardiovascular disease, stroke, and kidney disease.
Q: Can hypertension be treated in women who consume a high-fat diet?
A: Yes, hypertension can be treated in women who consume a high-fat diet with medication and lifestyle changes.
Q: What are the long-term effects of hypertension in women who consume a high-fat diet?
A: The long-term effects of hypertension in women who consume a high-fat diet include cardiovascular disease, stroke, and kidney disease.