Which Of The Following Is NOT A Multivalent Ion?A. $Cr^{3+}$ B. $Sb^{5+}$ C. $Ag^{+}$ D. $Cu^{+}$

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Introduction

In chemistry, ions are atoms or molecules that have gained or lost electrons, resulting in a net positive or negative charge. Multivalent ions, also known as polyvalent ions, are ions that can exhibit multiple charges, depending on the number of electrons they have gained or lost. In this article, we will explore the concept of multivalent ions and identify which of the given options is NOT a multivalent ion.

What are Multivalent Ions?

Multivalent ions are ions that can exhibit multiple charges, typically ranging from +1 to +7 or -1 to -7. These ions are formed when an atom gains or loses multiple electrons, resulting in a net positive or negative charge. Multivalent ions are common in transition metals, which are a group of elements that exhibit a range of oxidation states.

Examples of Multivalent Ions

Some common examples of multivalent ions include:

  • Chromium (Cr) ions, which can exhibit a +2, +3, or +6 charge
  • Manganese (Mn) ions, which can exhibit a +2, +3, +4, +6, or +7 charge
  • Iron (Fe) ions, which can exhibit a +2 or +3 charge
  • Copper (Cu) ions, which can exhibit a +1 or +2 charge

The Options

Now that we have a better understanding of multivalent ions, let's examine the options given:

A. Cr3+Cr^{3+}: This is a chromium ion with a +3 charge, which is a common oxidation state for chromium.

B. Sb5+Sb^{5+}: This is an antimony ion with a +5 charge, which is a common oxidation state for antimony.

C. Ag+Ag^{+}: This is a silver ion with a +1 charge, which is a common oxidation state for silver.

D. Cu+Cu^{+}: This is a copper ion with a +1 charge, which is a common oxidation state for copper.

Which is NOT a Multivalent Ion?

Based on our understanding of multivalent ions, we can see that options A, B, and D are all multivalent ions, as they can exhibit multiple charges. However, option C, Ag+Ag^{+}, is not a multivalent ion, as it only exhibits a +1 charge.

Conclusion

In conclusion, multivalent ions are ions that can exhibit multiple charges, depending on the number of electrons they have gained or lost. While options A, B, and D are all multivalent ions, option C, Ag+Ag^{+}, is not a multivalent ion, as it only exhibits a +1 charge. Understanding the concept of multivalent ions is crucial in chemistry, as it helps us predict the behavior of ions in various chemical reactions.

Key Takeaways

  • Multivalent ions are ions that can exhibit multiple charges.
  • Examples of multivalent ions include chromium, manganese, iron, and copper ions.
  • Option C, Ag+Ag^{+}, is not a multivalent ion, as it only exhibits a +1 charge.

Further Reading

For further reading on multivalent ions, we recommend the following resources:

  • "Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach" by Steven S. Zumdahl
  • "General Chemistry: Principles and Modern Applications" by Linus Pauling
  • "Inorganic Chemistry: Principles of Structure and Reactivity" by James E. Huheey

References

  • Zumdahl, S. S. (2014). Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach. Cengage Learning.
  • Pauling, L. (1988). General Chemistry: Principles and Modern Applications. Dover Publications.
  • Huheey, J. E. (1995). Inorganic Chemistry: Principles of Structure and Reactivity. HarperCollins.
    Multivalent Ions Q&A: Understanding the Basics =====================================================

Introduction

In our previous article, we explored the concept of multivalent ions and identified which of the given options is NOT a multivalent ion. In this article, we will answer some frequently asked questions about multivalent ions to help you better understand this important concept in chemistry.

Q: What is the difference between a multivalent ion and a monovalent ion?

A: A monovalent ion is an ion that exhibits only one charge, typically +1 or -1. In contrast, a multivalent ion is an ion that can exhibit multiple charges, typically ranging from +1 to +7 or -1 to -7.

Q: Which elements are commonly found as multivalent ions?

A: Transition metals, such as chromium, manganese, iron, and copper, are commonly found as multivalent ions. These elements can exhibit a range of oxidation states, resulting in multiple charges.

Q: Can multivalent ions be found in nature?

A: Yes, multivalent ions can be found in nature. For example, iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3) is a common mineral that contains iron(III) ions, which are a type of multivalent ion.

Q: How do multivalent ions affect chemical reactions?

A: Multivalent ions can affect chemical reactions in several ways. For example, they can participate in redox reactions, where they gain or lose electrons to form a different ion. They can also act as catalysts, speeding up chemical reactions without being consumed by them.

Q: Can multivalent ions be used in industrial applications?

A: Yes, multivalent ions can be used in various industrial applications. For example, iron(III) ions are used in the production of steel, while chromium(III) ions are used in the production of stainless steel.

Q: How do I determine if an ion is multivalent or monovalent?

A: To determine if an ion is multivalent or monovalent, you can look at its electron configuration. If the ion has a partially filled d or f subshell, it is likely to be multivalent. You can also look at the ion's charge, if it has a multiple charge, it is likely to be multivalent.

Q: Can multivalent ions be found in biological systems?

A: Yes, multivalent ions can be found in biological systems. For example, iron(III) ions are essential for the production of hemoglobin, a protein that carries oxygen in the blood.

Q: How do I write the formula for a multivalent ion?

A: To write the formula for a multivalent ion, you need to specify the charge of the ion. For example, the formula for iron(III) ions is Fe3+, while the formula for iron(II) ions is Fe2+.

Conclusion

In conclusion, multivalent ions are an important concept in chemistry, and understanding their properties and behavior is crucial for predicting the behavior of ions in various chemical reactions. We hope this Q&A article has helped you better understand the basics of multivalent ions.

Key Takeaways

  • Multivalent ions are ions that can exhibit multiple charges.
  • Transition metals are commonly found as multivalent ions.
  • Multivalent ions can affect chemical reactions in several ways.
  • Multivalent ions can be used in various industrial applications.
  • To determine if an ion is multivalent or monovalent, look at its electron configuration and charge.

Further Reading

For further reading on multivalent ions, we recommend the following resources:

  • "Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach" by Steven S. Zumdahl
  • "General Chemistry: Principles and Modern Applications" by Linus Pauling
  • "Inorganic Chemistry: Principles of Structure and Reactivity" by James E. Huheey

References

  • Zumdahl, S. S. (2014). Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach. Cengage Learning.
  • Pauling, L. (1988). General Chemistry: Principles and Modern Applications. Dover Publications.
  • Huheey, J. E. (1995). Inorganic Chemistry: Principles of Structure and Reactivity. HarperCollins.